Start Investing Early in Your Career

You’re young, you just landed a new job and you’re going to be getting a decent paycheck. You also have bills and student loans to pay and there are also a few items that you’ve always wanted so now you can finally afford them.

Investing for your retirement may be the last thing on your mind at the start of a new career. Especially being so young. Take some advice from those with a little more experience : Start investing early in your career. Start from day one and you will never miss that money you’re setting aside. Even if it’s only a few dollars a week. They add up to millions by the time retirement age rolls around.

It really does make a difference when you start contributing. It is important to invest in your retirement account early in your career for two reasons. First, if you’re fortunate to receive matching contributions, you dont want to miss out on those added contributions that are a significant part of your retirement benefit.

Second, the longer contributions stay in your account, the more you stand to gain. Your money makes money in the form of earnings, and those earnings in turn make money, and so on. This is what is known as the "miracle of compounding". As money grows in your account over time, the proportion resulting from earnings will become larger compared to the proportion resulting from contributions. And the best part is you don’t have to pay taxes on the earnings until you withdraw them.

The size of your account balance is going to depend on how much you (and your company if they match funds up to a certain percentage) contribute to your account and how your account grows as a result of earnings on your investments. To get an idea of what your retirement account could be in the future, look at the following projections.

Assume that you are an employee eligible for organizational contributions, that you are earning RM28,000 each year, and that you receive no future salary increases. You choose to save 5 percent of basic pay each pay period; therefore you receive total organizational contributions of 5 percent. The growth projections below are for an assumed annual rate of return of 7 percent on your investments.

After five years your account balance would be almost RM17,000; after ten years your balance would increase to RM40,000; and after contributing for twenty years, your account would have a balance of RM122,000. Clearly your balance would continue to increase each year. If you contributed for forty years, which is fathomable if you start a job at 23 and want to retire at age 63, your account balance would be RM615,000. That’s over half a million Ringgit folks! Just from contributing 5% of your income from the day you start work! Not a bad investment, is it?

Looking at the numbers, it’s hard to imagine why someone wouldn’t start investing immediately!

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Pendapatan Pasif Daripada Pelaburan

Dalam pengurusan kewangan peribadi, seseorang itu perlu memikirkan matlamat kewangan yang ingin dicapai selepas sesuatu tempoh.

Seorang graduan yang baru bekerja mungkin ingin mengumpulkan wang untuk belanja perkahwinan.

Selepas berkahwin dan mempunyai anak, mereka mungkin ingin membeli insurans perlindungan untuk jaminan masa depan. Mereka mungkin merancang memiliki rumah sendiri dan menabung untuk deposit kediaman.

Bagi pekerja yang berumur sekitar tiga puluhan atau empat puluhan, mereka mungkin merancang beroleh pendapatan mencukupi dari pelaburan yang dibuat semasa usia tua nanti.

Ada yang berhasrat mencapai status kebebasan kewangan. Kebebasan kewangan ialah status di mana pendapatan pasif seseorang mencukupi menanggung sara hidup keluarga.

Sebagai contoh, seorang yang melabur dalam saham amanah sebanyak RM240,000 memberikan pulangan 10 peratus setiap tahun.

Justeru beliau akan meraih RM24,000 setiap tahun atau RM2,000 setiap bulan. Sekiranya jumlah itu mencukupi untuk perbelanjaan bulanan keluarganya, beliau dikira mencapai status kebebasan kewangan.

Anda boleh mendapat pendapatan pasif RM2,000 sebulan dengan pelbagai cara. Contohnya, anda boleh menyimpan RM240,000 dalam skim amanah saham dengan pulangan 10 peratus setahun tetapi berapa banyakkah yang perlu anda simpan untuk memiliki RM240,000 apabila anda berumur 55 tahun.

Untuk memiliki RM240,000 jika seseorang mengumpul dari sekarang selama 25 tahun, seseorang harus menyimpan RM2,448.98 tahun atau RM204.08 sebulan.

Sekiranya hitung panjang pulangan lebih 10 peratus setahun, anda akan mendapat RM240,000 dalam tempoh lebih singkat.

Anda juga boleh membeli aset menerusi pinjaman sama ada rumah, pangsapuri, rumah kedai atau lain-lain yang memberi pulangan sewaan lebih kurang RM2,000 sebulan.

Katakan aset itu berharga RM300,000 dan berdasarkan kadar faedah lapan peratus setahun, anda perlu membayar ansuran bulanan pinjaman sekitar RM2,400 sebulan selama 25 tahun.

Bagaimanapun anda perlu bijak membuat penilaian risiko dan mempunyai wang deposit muka 10 peratus untuk aset yang hendak dibeli.

Perlu diingatkan bahawa jika kadar pulangan pendapatan daripada aset itu adalah rendah, strategi ini bukan saja tidak akan memberi keuntungan bahkan boleh merugikan anda.

Ada juga risiko kadar sewaan bulanan menjunam ketika kegawatan.

Oleh itu seseorang pelabur perlu berhati-hati menilai risiko kejatuhan yang boleh berlaku kepada pelaburannya.

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Enam Jenis Pelaburan dan Tahap Risiko

1. Simpanan Tetap Di Institusi Kewangan

Kadar pulangan tetap sekitar empat hingga enam peratus. Jika kadar inflasi tinggi maka pulangan sebenar akan berkurangan.

Sebagai contoh, jika pulangan adalah empat peratus dan kadar inflasi juga empat peratus setahun, maka pulangan sebenar adalah sifar.

Bagaimanapun, modal pokok adalah terjamin. Bagi yang takutkan risiko, pelaburan ini adalah pilihan sesuai kerana risikonya paling rendah, tetapi pulangan juga rendah.

2. Amanah Saham

Kadar pulangan biasanya lebih tinggi daripada simpanan tetap kerana ia bergantung kepada prestasi saham yang dilaburkan pengurus saham amanah. Jika pengurusan amanah saham itu tidak cekap atau pasaran saham jatuh merudum maka pulangannya boleh menjadi negatif.

Biasanya pulangan antara tujuh hingga 12 peratus setahun. Terdapat risiko modal pokok berkurangan apabila nilai saham amanah jatuh bawah nilai. Bagaimanapun pelaburan umumnya adalah cair iaitu boleh dikeluarkan dengan mudah pada bila-bila masa.

Prestasi pulangan sangat bergantung kepada kecekapan pengurus dana, maka pemilihan saham amanah yang hendak dilabur sangat kritikal.

3. Insurans Hayat

Matlamat utama ialah melindungi pemilik polisi apabila berlaku kemalangan atau kejadian mudarat seperti kematian, kecederaan, sakit dan sebagainya. Ada skim yang bertindak serentak sebagai instrumen pelaburan.

Seseorang pemegang polisi insurans seharusnya membandingkan tawaran yang diberikan pelbagai syarikat insurans supaya tawaran yang dipilih paling sesuai dengan keperluannya dan kadar premium yang paling menguntungkan.

Prestasi syarikat insurans dalam mengotakan janji apabila tuntutan dibuat juga perlu diselidiki.

4. Hartanah

Kadar sewaan, pendapatan atau pulangan bergantung kepada lokasi dan jenis hartanah. Kadar sewaan dan harga hartanah biasanya turut meningkat bersama inflasi.

Biasanya nilai hartanah akan meningkat. Sebagai contoh, 25 tahun lalu tanah di Shah Alam dijual pada harga RM3 sekaki persegi dan pada 2005 ia dijual pada harga RM50 sekaki persegi.

Risiko yang ditanggung seperti tiada penyewa, berlaku kebakaran, pelaburan tidak begitu cair jika dibandingkan pelaburan dalam amanah saham.

Jika kadar sewa tinggi sekitar lapan hingga 10 peratus daripada harga rumah setahun, bayaran bulanan pinjaman bank mungkin boleh ditampung menggunakan duit sewa bulanan khususnya jika tempoh pinjaman panjang dan kadar faedah pinjaman antara enam hingga tujuh peratus.

Biasanya peluang sedemikian wujud di tempat yang permintaan rumah sewa tinggi. Seorang pelabur hartanah berpengalaman berkata, faktor paling penting ialah lokasi, lokasi dan lokasi. Ringkasnya pendapatan diperoleh daripada sewa dan kenaikan nilai hartanah.

5. Melabur terus dalam saham tersenarai di pasaran saham

Pelaburan ini sepatutnya boleh menjana pulangan lebih tinggi dari pelaburan lain, tetapi ramai yang gagal berbuat demikian. Risikonya tinggi kepada mereka yang tidak berpengetahuan, berpengalaman dan berdisiplin.

Bagi yang berminat, sila baca The Intelligent Investor oleh Benjamin Graham dan buku tulisan Robert G Hagstrom mengenai kaedah pelaburan yang diamalkan Warren Buffet. Mengikut penulis buku ini, antara asas utama kriteria memilih saham syarikat ialah nilai tawaran saham berbanding nilai perniagaan syarikat, potensi pertumbuhan, kualiti pengurusan syarikat, kurangnya risiko yang boleh mengancam perniagaan, margin keselamatan pembelian saham itu.

Anda perlu berpengetahuan menganalisis prestasi dan potensi syarikat, sektor berkaitan dan nilai dalaman syarikat supaya mampu memilih saham terbaik. Anda juga perlu berdisiplin mengawal diri terhadap sifat takut dan tamak supaya tidak mengganggu keputusan membeli dan menjual. Semua belian dan jualan dibuat berasaskan analisis berdasarkan fakta, pengetahuan perniagaan dan ekonomi dan kefahaman tentang perwatakan pasaran saham.

Umumnya, prestasi pulangan dan risiko yang terbabit bergantung kepada faktor positif dan negatif dalaman syarikat dan faktor positif dan negatif luaran syarikat. Pembelian berdasarkan khabar angin atau terikut-ikut dengan orang lain pasti akan mengundang kerugian besar.

6. Melabur sebagai usahawan dalam perniagaan

Semua pulangan dari pelaburan tetap dalam bank, amanah saham atau saham adalah pendapatan lebihan dari perniagaan kerana wang yang dilaburkan itu digunakan secara langsung atau tidak langsung untuk tujuan perniagaan.

Oleh itu mereka yang melabur secara langsung dalam perniagaan seharusnya boleh menjana pendapatan jauh lebih tinggi berbanding pulangan dari pelaburan pasif.

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Creating Wealth in Stock Market

There are 12 rules of how to avoid losing and start making money from the stock market.

RULE 1 : WHY DO YOU INVEST?

Make more money, this is the answer to most people. If your reason is to make more money, then ask yourself these three questions:

1.Is your strategy making money?
2.Is your strategy safe?
3.How to increase the profit and minimize the risk?

RULE 2 : HOW TO CREATE WEALTH IN STOCK MARKET WITH JUST RM1,000

Let say we invest some lower price stocks with just RM1,000 in the stock market, invest twice a year for short-to-medium term. If each time the return is double, you will make one million RM cash within 5 years. If your starting capital is RM20,000, after 3 years you will make one million dollar cash.

If you are using the same RM1,000 capital, invest twice a year, but the return is only 50%, you will make one million RM cash after 9 years.

So we can always start small. However, it is very important that we know how to select high profit and low risk stocks.

RULE 3 : DON'T GET OBSESSED WITH STOCKS

Sitting and monitoring the market whole day long will not bring you profit. Instead, it increases pressure and misleads your judgment.

RULE 4 : NEVER GAMBLE

95% of the people always buy at the highest price. They don’t really know when to buy, just relying on news, rumors and tips. Only 5% of the people knows how to trade at the lowest price. That’s why 95% are losing money, only the 5% are making money.

Investment Builds Wealth, Gambling Definitely Lose!

RULE 5 : SAY GOODBYE TO NEWS

News used to be able to predict the market trend. But not anymore, it is difficult to judge which news could actually influence the market nowadays.

RULE 6 : DO YOUR OWN ANALYSIS, FORGET ABOUT TIPS

Before investing, ask yourself these four questions:

1.How many people have already heard about the tips before you?
If many have heard about it before you, this news is already obsolete. The price is already high.

2.How long have the tips been spreading before it reaches you? The next day?

3.Who told you? Listed company director? Or friends?

4.Assuming that the tip is true, would you possibly know about it?
Normally insider news is not disclosed.

RULE 7 : SELL YOUR STOCKS EVEN LOSING MONEY

It is easier to be said than done.

Sell at a loss is a difficult decision. Your heart will object, and your feeling will say "It is going to rebound, don't sell." Eventually price dropped further, causing a much tragic lost.

RULE 8 : DON'T JUST FOCUS ON MAKING MONEY

How to protect your capital is much more important. Don’t try to make 100% profit. It is already good enough to have a 60% profit margin.

RULE 9 : HISTORY WILL NOT ALWAYS REPEAT

Everyone expects to make some money from the stock market before Christmas, New Year, annual budget announcement or election, but the stock market is not always bullish during these events. We can say history is not always repeated.

The best way is “Let the Market Lead us”.

RULE 10 : QUOTES FROM WARREN BUFFET

There are only two rules to make money in stock market:

The first rule: Never lose your money.

The second rule: Never forget the first rule.

RULE 11 : TURN BAD STOCKS INTO GOOD STOCKS, DON’T JUST HOLD YOUR STOCKS

Don’t hold your stock too long, there is a value when stocks are sold.

How long have you been holding your stocks until now? Since Year 1993? 1997? Or Year 2000?

Why didn't you exercise your stocks? Long term investment strategy is not practical anymore. Even the blue chips also crash when the market collapses.

The best strategy is to sell the stocks that are not earning money, and reselect some good counters. Buy low, sell high for several times will earn you more than enough to compensate the lost.

RULE 12 : WAKE UP FROM MISTAKES

Stop investing if you are not sure of when to buy or sell.

Without the knowledge of investment, you are bound to lose again. This is an age of information. Investors are using knowledge, techniques and strategies to make money. Without investment knowledge, how do you protect your money?

Building wealth through investing starts with securing your capital.

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